SS-31

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is studied for its potential to support mitochondrial function, cellular energy production, and protection against oxidative stress.

• Mitochondrial function and bioenergetics
• Age-related cellular decline
• Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation
• Cardiovascular and metabolic health research
• Neuroprotection and cognitive health
• Exercise performance and recovery
• General healthy-aging research

• Binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane
• Stabilizes mitochondrial structure and function
• May reduce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation
• Supports efficient ATP production
• May promote cellular resilience and healthy-aging pathways

Reconstitution

2 mL bacteriostatic water

Final concentration

5 mg/mL

Starting dose

500 mcg (10 units) once daily

Administration

Subcutaneous injection

Frequency

Once daily

Research duration

4–12 weeks, as commonly studied on the sheet

Storage

Refrigerate after reconstitution. Use within 28 days. Rotate injection sites.

Research duration on the sheet: 4–12 weeks is the window commonly noted on the sheet.

• 10 mg + 2 mL bacteriostatic water = 5 mg/mL.
• At this concentration, 500 mcg (0.5 mg) is 10 units on a U-100 syringe.

• The source sheet uses 500 mcg (10 units) once daily by subcutaneous injection.
• Dose and duration may be adjusted based on the specific research protocol.

• For educational and research purposes only.
• Not for human use.
• Consult relevant literature for study design.
• Use under proper research oversight.
• Monitor for stability after reconstitution.

Human research

Emerging

Animal research

Extensive

Mechanistic evidence

Strong

Long-term safety data

Limited

Completed published studies are listed below and labeled as in vitro, animal, or human research. Favorable and unfavorable results are both included, including cancer studies. This is not every paper on the compound, and it is not a recommendation or a dose.

Elamipretide is the clinical name for SS-31. The controlled phase did not meet its main endpoints. The longer follow-up, which was not placebo-controlled, reported later improvement. In mice with colon tumors, SS-31 improved some wasting measures and did not change tumor size.

• Elamipretide in Barth syndrome: a randomized trial and open-label extensionHuman

  People with Barth syndrome. Twelve weeks against placebo did not improve the walk test or the symptom score. By 36 weeks of continued open-label treatment, walk distance and symptom scores had improved.

• Long-term elamipretide in Barth syndrome: 168-week open-label resultsHuman

  The same Barth syndrome group, followed without a placebo comparison. Walking distance and fatigue scores remained improved through 168 weeks.

• SS-31 in cancer- and chemotherapy-related muscle wastingAnimal

  Mice with colon tumors, including mice also given oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil. SS-31 partly improved body weight, muscle energy use, and strength at some time points. It did not change tumor size, and the benefit faded in late wasting.

10 mg vial. Format: Lyophilized powder.